The mediating role of authentic leadership characteristics in the relationship between social capital and innovative work behaviors

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Education Organization - Tabriz - Iran

2 Faculty Members of Urmia University

3 Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University - Urmia - Iran

Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to structurally analyze the relationship between social capital and innovative behaviors of education staff in East Azerbaijan province with the mediating role of authentic leadership characteristics.
Methods: The present study, from the perspective of applied purpose and from the perspective of data collection method, was a cross-sectional survey of correlation type and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study is all the staff of the education departments of East Azerbaijan province, numbering 1386 people, and the sample size was extracted using the gamma-exponential method, with 234 people; while three questionnaires of innovative work behavior (Janssen, 2000), social capital (Putnam, 1999), and authentic leadership (Avolio et al., 2006) were analyzed using SPSS24 and smart PLS3 software.
Results: There is a significant positive relationship at the 95% confidence level between social capital and innovative behaviors (β=0.724), between social capital and authentic leadership characteristics (β=0.720), and also between authentic leadership characteristics and innovative behaviors (β=0.413). In addition, the mediating role of authentic leadership characteristics in the relationship between social capital and innovative behaviors was confirmed.
Conclusion: To promote social capital in the organization, managers should facilitate mutual benefits by creating the necessary platform for constructive interactions between members of the organization through trust-building and cooperation. Also, managers can employ an authentic leadership style by establishing a deep and honest relationship with employees in the organization and creating value for them, thereby helping to encourage employees to be innovative.

Keywords

Subjects


احمدزاده، سلیمان و شکوه، ز. (1399). نقش سرمایه اجتماعی در تحقق نوآوری سازمانی و رفتار شهروندی سازمانی با تبیین نقش میانجی مدیریت منابع انسانی پایدار. مدیریت نوآوری در سازمان های دفاعی، 3(3)، 178-151.
احمدی، ح.، نوری، ا.، و گنجه، ا. (1396). ارائه مدل تأثیر فرهنگ کار بر رفتار نوآورانه و عملکرد سازمانی معلمان ابتدایی شهر اردبیل با استفاده از مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری. نشریه تحقیقات مدیریت آموزشی، 9(33) 124-109.
باقری، م.، رنجبر، م. ح.، و  تب، س. (1394). بررسی نقش واسطه‌ای اعتماد و خودکارآمدی جمعی بر رابطۀ بین رهبری تحول‌ آفرین و عملکرد تیمی (مطالعه موردی: اداره کل آموزش و پرورش استان هرمزگان). پژوهش در نظام‌های آموزشی، 9(31)، 127-162.
جلالی، ا. (1398). مقایسه تأثیر رهبری تحول آفرین و اصیل بر نوآوری در آموزش عالی با نقش تعدیل گر به اشتراک گذاری دانش (مطالعه موردی: دانشگاه سوره ودانشگاه علم و فرهنگ). پایان‏نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم پایه و فناوری های نوین زیستی، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ.
دارابیگی، م.، ایران نژاد، پر.، جهانیان، ر.، و عبدالهی، م. (1399). ارائه الگو برای رهبری اصیل در استادان با رویکرد انسان‏گرایی در سازمان‏های آموزش عالی. پژوهش در نظام‌های آموزشی، 14 (ویژه نامه)، 137-158.
داوند، ‌ل. (1401). بررسی تأثیر سرمایه اجتماعی، سرمایه انسانی و سرمایه روانشناختی بر ایجاد تصویر مثبت از دانشگاه ایلام با تبیین نقش میانجی رهبری اصیل (مطالعه موردی: اعضای کادر اداری و هیات علمی دانشگاه ایلام). توسعه مدیریت منابع انسانی و پشتیبانی، 65(17)، 27-52.‎
دلیری، ح. (1403). تأثیر سرمایه اجتماعی بر نوآوری: شواهدی از داده های تابلویی چندکی در کشورهای دنیا. فصلنامه مطالعات زیست بوم اقتصاد نوآوری4(1)، 21- 41.
زارع، ر.، خامه چی، ح.، و رنگریز، ح. (1398). فراتحلیل پیشایندهای نوآوری سازمانی. فصلنامه مدیریت نوآوری در سازمان‏های دفاعی، 3(8)، 109-134.
زارعی، س. (1394)، ارائه مدل پیش بینی اشتیاق شغلی با توجه به رهبری اصیل و سرمایه‏های روانشناختی (مورد مطالعه: دبیران تربیت بدنی شیراز)، پایان‏نامه کارشناسی ارشد تحقیقات آموزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، مرکز شیراز.
شیخی، ن. (1399). تحلیل رابطه بین سرمایه اجتماعی و تصمیم گیری مدیران مراکز فرهنگی (مطالعه موردی: مدیران وزارت ارشاد). ششمین همایش ملی پژوهش های نوین در حوزه علوم انسانی، اقتصاد و حسابداری ایران، تهران.
صوفی، س. (1403)، نقش نوآوری در مدیریت آموزشی. دومین همایش بین المللی جامعه شناسی، علوم اجتماعی و آموزش و پرورش با رویکرد نگاهی به آینده، بوشهر،
فیروزی، م. ر.، و کرمی، م. (1396). بررسی نقش واسطه‌ای سرمایه اجتماعی در رابطه هوش هیجانی با خلاقیت. ابتکار و خلاقیت در علوم انسانی، 5(4)، 53-78.‎
قدمی، ک. (1396). رابطه بین هوش معنوی، هوشیاری و رهبری اصیل در میان مدیران دانشگاه های دولتی شهر تهران (مطالعه ترکیبی). پایان‏نامه کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی.
منصوریان طبائی، س.، اسماعیلی، م.، بیاتی، ا. رو، و مسعودی، م. ح. (1399). بررسی رابطه بین سرمایه اجتماعی و نوآوری سازمانی در شعب بانک سپه استان فارس. چشم انداز حسابداری و مدیریت،  3(30)، 129-145.‎
منطقی، م.، اسکندرپور، ب.، دستیاری, ا. و نظری، ی. (1395). نقش سرمایة اجتماعی در عملکرد نوآورانة کارکنان، با تأکید بر نقش تاب‌آوری و توانمندسازی. مدیریت سرمایه اجتماعی، 3(2)، 189-207.  
هادیان، ح.، و رحیمی، ح. (1401). تأثیر رهبری اصیل بر نوآوری‎ ‎سازمانی: نقش میانجی تسهیم دانش و سرمایه‌ اجتماعی (مورد مطالعه: ‏کارکنان دانشگاه کاشان)‏. فصلنامه علمی کارافن، 19(ویژه نامه)، 181-208.
همتیان، س. (1401). تأثیر رابطه بین مؤلفه‌های سرمایه اجتماعی و مدیریت تصمیم‌گیری استراتژیک در سازمان‌ها. دومین همایش ملی بهبود و بازسازی سازمان و کسب و کار، تهران.
Ahmadi, H., & Nori, A. (2017). A Model on the Effect of work culture on innovative behavior and organizational performance Ardabil primary teachers using structural equation modeling. Educational Administration Research9(33), 109-124. [In Persian]
Ahmadzadeh, S., & Shekoh, Z. (2020). The role of social capital in realizing organizational innovation and organizational citizenship behavior by explaining the mediating role of sustainable human resource management. Innovation management in defense organizations, 3(3), 151-178. [In Persian]
Almutairi, M., Timmins, F., Yoder‐Wise, P., Stokes, D., & Alharbi, T. A. F. (2024). Nurses innovative behaviour in the context of authentic leadership: A scoping review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 5, 1-16. 
Al-Omoush, K. S., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Lassala, C., & Skare, M. (2022). Networking and knowledge creation: Social capital and collaborative innovation in responding to the COVID-19 crisis. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(2), 100181.
Anggraeni, C., & Fadilah, A. N. (2024). Analysis of psychological capital and social capital on innovative work behavior in Cirebon city and regency media companies. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE)7(3), 4812-4829.
Arici, H. E., & Uysal, M. (2022). Leadership, green innovation, and green creativity: A systematic review. The Service Industries Journal42(5-6), 280–320.
Avolio, B. J. & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Authentic Leadership Development: Getting to the Root of Positive Forms of Leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 315-338.
Bagheri, M., Ranjbar, M., & Teb, S. (2016). Investigating the mediating role of collective trust and self-efficacy on the relationship between transformational leadership and team performance (Case study: Hormozgan Province Education Department). Research in Educational Systems, 9(31), 127-162. [In Persian]
Bayraktar, M. (2024). The role of social capital in innovation: Findings from selected OECD and BRICS countries. Reseaech Square, 1- 34.  
Boyadzhieva, M. (2024). The impact of inclusive leadership on innovative work behaviors and the mediating effect of bonding social capital. [B. A. Thesis]. Tilburg University.
Chang, H. T., Chou, Y. J., Liou, J. W., & Tu, Y. T. (2016). The effects of perfectionism on innovative behavior and job burnout: Team workplace friendship as a moderator. Personality and Individual Differences96, 260-265.
Daliri, H. (2024). The Effect of social capital on innovation: Evidence from quantile panel data in countries around the world. Journal of Innovation Economics Ecosystem Studies, 4(1), 21-41. [In Persian]
Darabeigi, M., Irannejad, P., Jahanian, R. & Abdollahi, M. (2020). Presenting a model for authentic leadership in professors with a humanistic approach in higher education organizations. Research in Educational Systems, 14(Special Issue), 137-158. [In Persian]
Davand, L. (2022). Investigating the impact of social capital, human capital and psychological capital on creating a positive image of Ilam University by explaining the mediating role of authentic leadership (case study: members of the administrative staff and academic staff of Ilam University). Development of human resource management and support, 65(17), 27-52. [In Persian]
Day, D. V., & O’Connor, P. M. (2003). Leadership development: Understanding the process.  In S. E. Murphy & R. E. Riggio (Eds.), The future of leadership development (pp. 11–28). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Ellinger, A. E., Musgrove, C. C. F., Ellinger, A. D., Bachrach, D. G., Baş, A. B. E., & Wang, Y. L. (2013). Influences of organizational investments in social capital on service employee commitment and performance. Journal of business research66(8), 1124-1133.
Ferris, S. P., Javakhadze, D., & Rajkovic, T. (2017). The international effect of managerial social capital on the cost of equity. Journal of Banking & Finance74(c), 69-84.
Firoozi, M., & Karami, M. (2016). Investigating the mediating role of social capital in the relationship between emotional intelligence and creativity. Innovation and creativity in humanities, 5(4), 53-78. [In Persian]
Ghadami, K. (2017). The relationship between spiritual intelligence, mindfulness and authentic leadership among administrators of public universities in Tehran (mixed study). Doctoral Dissertation, Allameh Tabatabaei University.
Ghalavandi, H., Ashrafi Salim Kandi, F., & Alizadeh, S. (2017). The relationship between social capital and work conscience as a moral principle. Ethics in Science and Technology, 12(3), 0-0. [In Persian]
Hadian, H., & Rahimi, H. (2022). The effect of authentic leadership on organizational innovation: the mediating role of knowledge sharing and social capital (case study: Kashan University employees). Karafan Scientific Quarterly, 19(Special Issue), 181-208. [In Persian]
Hematian, S. (2022). The effect of the relationship between the components of social capital and strategic decision-making management in organizations. The second national conference on improvement and restructuring of organizations and business, Tehran. [In Persian]
Hidayat, A. S., Nastiti, T., & Sitalaksmi, S. (2024). Connection is a power: Exploring the dynamic interaction between social and psychological capital in fostering innovative behavior. Journal of Management Development, 43(5), 755-768.
Jalali, E. (2018). Comparing the effect of authentic and transformative leadership on innovation in higher education with the moderating role of knowledge sharing (case study: Sourah University and Science and Culture University). [M. A. thesis], Faculty of Basic Sciences and Modern Biological Technologies, University of Science and Culture. [In Persian]
Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward fairness and innovative work behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(3), 287–302.
Kenton, W. (2022). What is social capital? Definition, types, and examples. Investopedia. Retrieved August 08, 2024 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/socialcapital.asp.
Khademfar, M., & Amiri, S. A. (2013). The relationship between ethical leadership and organizational performance (Small Review on Malaysian Studies). International Journal of Business and Social Science4(1), 114-127.
Khan, K., Javaid, Z. K., & Ali, A. A. (2024). Effects of authentic leadership on innovative work behavior: Psychological capital as mediator and organizational unfairness as moderator in pakistani public sector organizations. International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences14(3), 201-222.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford.
Kurnia, R. M., & Trisninawati. (2023). Pengaruh keadilan kepemimpinan transformasional dan modal sosial terhadap perilaku kerja inovatif dimediasi oleh knowledge sharing pada perusahaan telekomunikasi di sumbagsel. Master of Management Journal, 12(1), 111-125.
Kusmargono, C. A., Jaya, W. K., Hadna, A. H., & Sumaryono, S. (2023). The Effect of Authentic Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior Mediated by Work Meaningfulness. Journal of Psychology and Behavior Studies3(2), 01-07. 
Mahendiren, D. B., & Kushwaha, B. P. (2024). Do authentic leaders influence innovative work behaviour? An empirical evidence. International Journal of Work Innovation5(4), 368-383.
Mansourian Tabai, S., Esmaili, M., Bayati, A., & Masoudi, M. (2020). Investigating the relationship between social capital and organizational innovation in Sepeh Bank branches in Fars province. Accounting and Management Perspective, 3(30), 129-145. [In Persian]
Manteghi, M., Eskandarpour, B., Dastiyari, A., & Nazari, Y. (2016). The role of social capital in the innovative performance of employees, with emphasis on the role of resilience and empowerment. Social Capital Management, 3(2), 189-207. [In Persian]
McCallum, S., & O'Connell, D. (2009). Social capital and leadership development: Building stronger leadership through enhanced relational skills. Leadership & Organization Development Journal30(2), 152-166.
Polatcan, M., & Balci, A. (2019). Social capital wealth as a predictor of innovative climate in schools. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research6(1), 183-194.
Purwanto, A., Asbari, M., Hartuti, H., Setiana, Y. N., & Fahmi, K. (2021). Effect of psychological capital and authentic leadership on innovation work behavior. International Journal of Social and Management Studies2(1), 1-13.
Putnam, R. (1999). The prosperous community: Social capital and public life. Retrived from Http://Www.Prospe c t.Org / Arc hive s/1 3 /1 3 Putn. Html.
Rasheed, J., & Kiani, M. N. (2024). Measuring the impact of perceived authentic leadership on innovative work behavior: The mediation moderation analysis. Journal of Business and ManagementResearch3(3), 352-376.
Rezky, A. T. (2024). The influence of psychological capital on innovative work behavior in islamic bank employees X. Journal of Economic, Business & Accounting Research2(1), 13-25.
Rocco, L., & Suhrcke, M. (2012). Is social capital good for health? A European perspective. World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe.
Scally-Juknevičienė, E. (2024). The impact of authentic leadership on innovative work behavior through the mediating role of employee-manager trust and organizational innovation climate. [unpublished Doctoral dissertation], Vilniaus universitetas.
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 580–607.
Sheikhi, N. (2020). Analysis of the relationship between social capital and the decision-making of managers of cultural centers (case study: managers of the Ministry of Guidance). The sixth national conference on modern researches in the field of humanities, economics and accounting in Iran, Tehran. [In Persian]
Singha, R. (2024). The Importance of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in Modern Research [Doctorate Research Fellow], department of Psychology, Christ University.
Soper, D.S. (2024). A-priori Sample Size Calculator for Structural Equation Models [Software].  Retrieved from https://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc
Soufi, S. (2024). The role of innovation in educational management. Second International Conference on Sociology, Social Sciences and Education with a Future Perspective, Bushehr. [In Persian]
Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89–126. 
Zare, R., Khamechi, H., & Rangriz, H. (2020). Meta-analysis of the antecedents of organizational innovation. Innovation Management Quarterly in Defense Organizations, 3(8), 109-134. [In Persian]
Zareei, S. (2015). Presenting a model for predicting job engagement with respect to authentic leadership and psychological capital (case study: Shiraz physical education teachers). Master’s thesis, Payam Noor University, Shiraz Center. [In Persian]
Zhang, G., Lin, W., Song, G., Chen, J., Li, H., Sun, L., Cheng, B., & Zhang, X. (2024). The mediating role of psychological capital on the relationship between authentic leadership and innovative behaviour among Chinese nurses. Nursing Open11(3), e2126.
Zhou, Y., & Yusof, R. B. (2024). Authentic leadership and innovative work behavior: The mediating role of career calling. Global Business & Management Research16(4), 1115- 1127.