Journal of Research in Educational Systems
Scientific Journal

Developing and Validating a Model for Reducing Family Illiteracy Based on Student Capacity: Experts' Perspectives

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Abdullah Muradi 1
Fardin Batmani 2
Rafigh Hasani 2

1 Department of Educational Sciences, Sa. C., Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

2 Department of Educational Governance and Human Resources, Sa.C., Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

https://doi.org/10.22034/jiera.2026.578342.3472
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to design and validate a conceptual model for reducing illiteracy within the family by drawing on the capacity of students, from the perspective of experts.
Method: The study adopted a qualitative approach grounded in the Straussian version of grounded theory, situated within an interpretive-constructivist philosophical framework. Participants comprised 20 educational experts (teachers, university faculty, and Literacy Movement specialists) in Kurdistan province, selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews until theoretical saturation was reached, and were analyzed through the three-stage process of open, axial, and selective coding. The trustworthiness of the findings was established using Lincoln and Guba's four criteria, and reliability was confirmed through inter-coder agreement and Cohen's kappa coefficient (mean = 0.82). Content validity was further established by computing the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI), both exceeding the critical threshold of 0.59.
Results: The findings led to the formation of a conceptual model comprising five main dimensions (causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences). The core category identified was “strengthening within-family learning capacities.”
Conclusions: The proposed model offers a practical, context-specific framework grounded in experts' experience for intervening in family illiteracy. Accordingly, its use is recommended as a low-cost and effective complement to formal literacy program.

Keywords

Illiteracy reduction model
family educational empowerment
student-centered literacy
Subjects
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Journal of Research in Educational Systems
Volume 20, Issue 73
Spring 2026
Pages 51-68

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