Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor in Educationalpsychology/Allameh Tabataba'i University

2 Allameh Tabataba'i University

3 assistant professor/Persian language instruction center/ImamKhomeini InternationalUniversity

Abstract

The main purpose of this research was to develop a motivational model for Persian language learners as a second language (L2). To do this, a correlation research design has been selected with a simple random sampling method and sample size of n=242 among all of Persian instruction center of Imam Khomeini, International University language learners on first semester of 2016-2017. The applied instrument was an author made, Persian Language Motivational Self-System questionnaire in four items of ought-to Self, Persian language, Self-Efficacy, Persian Learning Experience & Motivated Learning Behavior. The instrument reliability here, Cronbach’s alpha   was 0.90 & it’s content validity mean was, CVR=0.95 which had been estimated with confirmatory factor analysis method. The results of regression analysis affirmed a significant effect of learning experience on self-efficacy, and also effect of learning experience on motivated learning behavior, Ought-to self on motivated behavior and self-efficacy on motivated behavior. However, the ought-to self, had no significant effect on self-efficacy. The most powerful effect has been reported in the case of learning experience and secondly self-efficacy on   motivated behavior. The indirect effect of ought-to self on motivated behavior via self-efficacy was not significant, the indirect effect of learning experience on motivated behavior via self-efficacy was significant.

Keywords

آذر پناه، لیلا. (1387). مطالعه‌ی انگیزش یادگیری زبان فارسی به‌عنوان زبان دوم در بین دانش‌آموزان دختر آذری‌زبان راهنمایی شهرستان نقده، پایان‌نامه‌ی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه پیام نور، مرکز تهران.
حسن‌زاده، رمضان؛ و مهدی نژاد گرجی، گلین. (1393). رابطه‌ی بین جهت‌گیری‌های انگیزشی (درونی، بیرونی و بی انگیزشی) و پیشرفت تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان درس زبان انگلیسی. روان‌شناسی مدرسه، 3، 60-38.
رقیب دوست، شهلا؛ اصغرپور ماسوله، مهرداد. (1388). رابطه‌ی انگیزش خواندن و دانش پیشین با درک خواندن زبان‌آموزان غیرفارسی‌زبان. دو فصلنامه‌ی علمی- پژوهشی زبان پژوهی، 1(1)، 72-51.
رضایی، اکبر؛ سیف، علی‌اکبر. (1384). نقش باورهای انگیزشی، راهبردهای یادگیری و جنسیت در عملکرد تحصیلی. فصلنامه تعلیم و تربیت، 84، 86-44.
قادری، بهاره. (1391). بررسی عامل انگیزه و تأثیر آن در پیشرفت زبان‌آموزان غیرفارسی‌زبان. پایان‌نامه‌ی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی.
Assessment Reform Group (2002). Testing, motivation & learning. Cambridge:University.
Aubrey, S. (2014). Development of the L2 motivational self system: English at a university in Japan. Jalt Journal, 36(2), 153-174.
Csizér, K., & Lukács, G. (2010). The comparative analysis of motivation, attitudes and selves: The case of English and German in Hungary. System, 38(1), 1-13.
Csize´r, K., & Kormos, J. (2009). Learning experiences, selves and motivated learning behavior: a comparative analysis of structural models for Hungarian secondary and university learners of English. In Dörnyei, Z., Ushioda, E. (Eds.), Motivation, Language Identity and the L2 Self. Multilingual Matters. Bristol: Multilingual Mattters, 98-119.
Deci, E. L., Ryan, S. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behaviour. New York: Plenum.
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The Psychology of the Language Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Dörnyei, Z., Csizér, K., & Németh, N. (2006). Motivation, language attitudes and globalisation A Hungarian perspective. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Dörnyei, Z. (1998). Motivation in second and foreign language learning. Language teaching, 31(3), 117-135.
DOI: 10.1017/S026144480001315X, Published online: 12 June 2009.
Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2011). Teaching and researching motivation, 2nd edition. Harlow: Longman.
Dörnyei, Z. & Chan, L. (2013). Motivation and Vision: An Analysis of Future L2 Self Images, Sensory Styles, and Imagery Capacity Across Two Target Languages. Language Learning, 63, 437–462.
doi:10.1111/lang.12005
Tan, T. G., Lim, T. H., & Hoe, F. T. (2017). Analyzing the Relationship between L2 Motivational Self System and Achievement in Mandarin. International Academic Research Journal of Social Science, 2(1), 104-108.
Ghonsooly, Behzad.; Khajavy, Gholam Hassan.; Mohaghegh Mahjoobi, Fatemeh. (2014). Self-efficacy and Metacognition as predictors of Iranian teacher trainees’ academic performance: a path analysis approach. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 98, 590-598.
Glossary of Psychological Terms:
Khajavy, G. H., & Ghonsooly, B. (2017). Predictors of willingness to read in English: testing a model based on possible selves and self-confidence. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38(10), 871-885.
Lamb, M. (2012). A Self System Perspective on Young Adolescents’ Motivation to Learn English in Urban and Rural Settings. Language Learning, 62, 997–1023. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9922.2012.00719.x
Molaee, Z., Sadipour, E., Dortaj, F., Vakilifard, A. R. (2016). Construction of a motivational Self-System instrument for the learning of Persian as a L2. The European proceedings of Social & Behavioral Sciences, EpSBS, 16, 896-905.
Onoda, S. (2014). Examining the Relationships between Self-Efficacy, Effort Regulation Strategy Use, and English Vocabulary Skills. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 5(4), 357-371.
http://sisaljournal.org/archives/dec14/onoda.
Papi, M. (2010). The L2 motivational self system, L2 anxiety and motivated behavior: a structural equation modeling approach. System, 38, 467-479.
Papi, M., & Teimouri, Y. (2012). Dynamics of selves and motivation: a cross‐sectional study in the EFL context of Iran. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 22(3), 287-309.
Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology ,82, 33-40.
Schmidtke-Bode, K., & Stöber, G. (2016). Exploring the motivational antecedents of Nepales learners of L2 English. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 1-33.
Taguchi, T., Magid, M., & Papi, M. (2009). The L2 motivational self system among Japanese, Chinese and Iranian learners of English: A comparative study. Motivation, language identity and the L2 self, 36. In Dörnyei, Z. & Ushioda, E. (Eds.), (2010). Motivation, language identity and the L2 self. (pp. 66-97). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters
Teimouri, Y. (2017). L2 selves, emotions, and motivated behaviors. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 39(4), 681-709.
Hiromori, T. (2009). A process model of L2 learners’ motivation:from the perspectives of general tendency & individual differences. System, 37, 313-321.
Ueki, M., & Takeuchi, O. (2013). Exploring the concept of the Ideal L2 Self in an Asian EFL context:the case of Japenese university students. The journal of Asia TEFL, 10(1), 25-45.
VandenBos, G. R. (2002). APA Dictionary of psychology. Washington DC. American Psychological association.