Journal of Research in Educational Systems

Abstract Objective:The primary aim of this study is to systematically analyze the key competencies required by university instructors in the digital age to effectively utilize artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education.
Method: This research was conducted through a systematic literature review and targeted searches in reputable international databases, including Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, ERIC, Springer, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. Using keywords such as “artificial intelligence,” “competency,” “instructor,” and “digital,” a total of 438 scientific sources published between 2018 and the end of the first quarter of 2024 were identified. After removing 115 duplicate articles and screening the titles and abstracts of the remaining 323, 268 articles were excluded due to irrelevance to the research focus. Ultimately, 55 articles were selected for full-text review, and based on qualitative and subject-specific criteria, 20 studies were chosen for final analysis.
Results: The findings revealed that the AI-related competencies required by instructors in the digital era can be categorized into five main components: (1) AI mindset and pedagogy (including understanding benefits and challenges, contextual strategies, and managing long-term impacts); (2) AI ethics (emphasizing human-centered use, social skills, and the value of human dignity); (3) Foundational AI knowledge (including data and algorithm literacy, AI analytics, data modeling, and basic coding); (4) Practical skills (covering use, experimentation, deep integration, and working with AI-powered tools); and (5) AI-enhanced teaching methods (such as AI-assisted assignment management, curriculum design and delivery, and teaching enhancement).

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to design a competency model for secondary school teachers based on experts’ perspectives.
Method: An applied, descriptive, qualitative research design using informed grounded theory was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 experts and analyzed via open, axial, and selective coding. Validity was ensured through credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability criteria. Reliability was confirmed with a Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.876, indicating strong coder agreement.
Results: Sustainable development of teachers’ competencies depends on causal conditions (educational policy-making, motivation, justice, infrastructure), intervening conditions (trust, organizational culture, participation), and contextual conditions (educational infrastructure and technology). Key strategies include innovation and professional growth, while consequential factors involve teacher support, social relationships, and structural transparency. Experts emphasized reforming management, increasing teacher participation, removing political barriers, fostering research, elevating teachers’ status, and strengthening research culture. These findings form the "Sustainable Development of Educational Competencies" model, highlighting the interaction of these factors.
Conclusions: Sustainable competency development requires a comprehensive, systemic approach involving policymakers, managers, and teachers collaboratively. The model moves beyond focusing solely on individual skills to create a dynamic, flexible system for ongoing professional development. Continuous revision of educational programs and assessments ensures alignment with evolving societal and student needs, enabling competency development to become a self-sustaining process that better prepares the education system for future challenges.

Abstract The development of student sport is an important part of socio-economic development that can increase social vitality and national productivity. the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical factors on the development of student sport with the mediating role of human capital in Tehran. The research method was correlation with (SEM) design. The statistical population included experts of the deputy of physical education and health of the ministry of education, experts of the general directorate of education, education departments of 19 regions and physical education teachers in Tehran, 263 of whom were selected by purposive cluster sampling. To collect data, three questionnaires Momenizadeh physical factors (2018), Shakrian human capital (2014) and Ansari development of student sport (2020) were used. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha for all three questionnaires above 0.7. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. physical factors and human capital had a significant positive effect on the development of student sport, physical factors had a significant positive effect on human capital. In addition human capital has a mediating role in the relationship between physical factors and the development of student sport. The results of this study emphasize the need to strengthen indicators such as appropriate and adequacy of infrastructure, facilities, aesthetics, security and safety, accessibility, professional and social competence, motivation and ability leadership of sport teachers to achieve the goals development of student sport, especially the psychological and skill dimension.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to design a training system for levels of management of Parsian Bank Branches based on merit. The methodology of this research is descriptive-correlational and of applied type in which the combination (quantitative-qualitative approach) is used. The population studied at the qualitative stage included all the key informants and experts in the field of banking and university, and in the quantitative section of all the heads, deputies and senior users of Parsian Bank branches throughout the country, whose number was 1260 in 1397. In this regard, For example, in the qualitative part of 8 teachers, 8 experts in designing the educational system and 4 managers and heads of Parsian Bank were selected through targeted sampling method to theoretical saturation stage. In order to calculate the sample size in a small section, according to the Morgan table, 294 were obtained. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. In a small section, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the competency levels of managers. For data analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis was used. In order to present the final model, the least squares method and the software of SmartPlus 3 were used. The results showed that individual, interpersonal, organizational and environmental components are 99% confidence level as components of the educational system of the levels of management of the Parsian Bank Branches based on merit.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting organizational agility for model modeling in Khorasan Razavi Cultural University. The main method of this study is survey method which was done by questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software, LISREL software and various statistics. In Khorasan Razavi Cultural University, according to the statistics of Khorasan Razavi Planning Organization, there were 337 people. Using Krejcie and Morgan table (1970), 181 stratified random sampling was selected as the subjects. That is, in order to further generalize and avoid The sample size of 200 questionnaires was distributed among 200 subjects. Statistical data were distributed to 200 subjects. Data collected through maxqda software in qualitative section and interview analysis, effective factors were determined and then finalized on the basis of confirmatory factor analysis. It is also influenced by agility factors at university including: organizational factors (structure, delegation, organizational culture); strategic factors (quality improvement, teaching and research policies, technology development); human factors (managers, staff, faculty) Are . Thus, while developing the final model of organizational agility at Khorasan Razavi Khorasan University, the degree of fitness of the proposed model was determined and its fit was approved. The results of t-test also showed that the status of components and dimensions of organizational agility in Farhangian University is in desirable condition.

Abstract In this research, a model of competency for principals of Tehran's primary schools has been presented. The statistical population of the present study consisted of 30 people (5 women and 25 men) from the experts who were selected through a sampling of targeted target snowball. A sample of 30 experts in the field of educational science were selected. The methodology of the present study is applied in terms of objectives, in terms of qualitative and quantitative data and in terms of the nature and type of data study of the foundation. Through interviewing and finally using a narrative theory, a native pattern will be finalized. The measurement tool of the present study, using a form An organized interview in which the template, dimensions, components, and indicators of the competency model are set. First, all patterns, findings, studies, and theories were examined and then, by means of open coding, the indexes were counted, and after the differentiation of the axial encoding for 30 field experts to make selective coding and through the fan Delphi and Deep Interview have reached theoretical saturation. The validity and appropriateness of the qualifying interview form have been gained through the Delphi Fan. The method of data analysis is qualitative and the first finding of the present study indicates that the optimal model of competency is for principals of primary schools in Tehran. This template is made up of 124 indicators that can be used by school administrators. The second finding of the present study shows that the model is composed of what dimensions. This model consists of 6 dimensions, which are respectively the priority of the mental dimension, the insight, the dimensional dimension, the interpersonal dimension, the ethical dimension, the functional dimension, and the dimension of leadership. In the third finding of the present study, the constructive components of the model are 13 items that include skills Decision making, perceptual skills, personality competencies, professional behavior, teamwork, communication skills, professional ethics, value competencies, human resource management, executive management, knowledge and skills, standardization and management. The fourth finding The present research indicates that each of the components of the model is composed of some indicators.