Journal of Research in Educational Systems

Abstract Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Student Parental Self-Regulation Scale.
Method: The present research method was descriptive and psychometric. The statistical population of the research was all parents of elementary school students in District 1 of Ardabil city in the academic year 2025-2026, from which a sample of 220 people was selected by random sampling method and they responded to the Parental Self-Regulation Scale (Sanders et al., 2017), Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale (Dumka et al., 1996), and Parental Burnout Questionnaire (Roskam et al., 2018). Internal consistency, concurrent validity, and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS26 and Amos24 software.
Results: The results of the internal consistency coefficient showed that this scale has adequate reliability (α=0.91). The results of the correlation coefficient showed that the significant positive relationship between the two variables of parental self-regulation and parenting self-efficacy (r=0.54, P<0.01) indicates appropriate convergent validity and the significant negative correlation coefficient between the two variables of parental self-regulation and parental burnout (r=-0.42, P<0.01) indicates appropriate divergent validity. The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis model also confirmed the final model of this scale (P<0.001).
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the Persian version of the Student Parent Self-Regulation Scale has adequate validity and reliability in Iranian parents and is a suitable scale for clinical and research situations.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training based on the poetry of Hafez on the comprehension of Persian literature among second-grade high school students.
Method: The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population included female high school students in the field of literature and humanities in district 5 of Tehran during the 2023-2024 academic year. A convenience sampling method was used to select 30 students, who were then divided into two groups of 15. The experimental group received a mindfulness training package based on Hafez's poetry (Mohseni Hanjani, 2025) for 10 sessions, each lasting 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training. A Persian literature comprehension test was conducted before and after the training period for both groups. The data were analyzed using a univariate analysis of covariance test and SPSS28 software.
Results: The results indicated a positive impact of mindfulness training on students' comprehension of Persian literature. This training helped enhance their analytical skills and comprehension, leading to increased learning. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the mean scores of the experimental and control groups were significantly different, with the mean of the experimental group being higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that mindfulness training can be utilized as an effective tool in enhancing the reading comprehension of Persian literature among students. Based on this, teachers and educational planners are recommended to incorporate mindfulness techniques into their curricula and use them to create a dynamic and interactive classroom environment. This initiative can improve the quality of learning.
 

Abstract Objective: Paying attention to the social characteristics of students in the list of educational goals of the elementary school has always been taken into consideration during lesson design and planning, because the primary period, as a vital period, has a significant impact on the formal and implicit education of the social dimension of students in a cross-sectional and forward-looking manner. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the social characteristics of elementary school students from the perspective of teachers.
Methods: The current research was conducted with qualitative methodological approach and qualitative content analysis research method, the data collection tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview. The participants of the research were selected in a targeted way in the academic year of 2022-2023 from among the primary school teachers of different cities in Iran, and data saturation was achieved with the number of 14 teachers. The qualitative content analysis of the data was done with the help of software.
Results: The findings indicate the most important social characteristics of primary school students in six core codes and seventeen open codes, including the concept of others, understanding differences, responsibility, rights and duties, interactive skill and performance avoidance. The results show a decrease in the characteristics of responsibility, awareness of students' rights and interactive skills, and an increase in the characteristics of students' understanding of the concept of others, differences and performance aversion compared to the past.
Conclusion: The findings of the present research confirmed the attention to the dimensions of responsibility, rights and duties, interactive skills and performance aversion in the development of students' social characteristics. The changes created in different dimensions of students' social characteristics should change and modify curriculum elements including teaching method and grouping of students and as a result, reform the curriculum implemented by primary school teachers.

Abstract The spread of Corona and the consequent closure of educational centers in the world and in Iran caused the form of education to change from face-to-face or virtual. Hence, the lack of necessary infrastructure, teachers 'and students' unfamiliarity with virtual learning caused families, students and schools to face a huge learning challenge. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to identify the indicators of educational of the Corona. The nature of the research is qualitative in terms of content analysis style. The sample size after theoretical saturation was 11 people and purposefully selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and data analysis by thematic method using MAXQDA10 software. Findings showed that educational indicators in times of crisis and corona outbreak included 5 cases; "Factors related to school, family, teachers, communication infrastructure and factors related to students." Therefore, creating communication infrastructure in all parts of the country, including villages and cities, creating a culture of e-learning and holding in-service courses to improve the productivity of teachers in conducting e-learning can help education in times of crisis.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to design student citizenship curriculum model. Quantitative and qualitative methods have been used for this purpose in the form of a mixed design. The first stage of research is based on the qualitative method of the basic theory. At this stage, 28 experts from the fields of education, curriculum and social sciences were selected and interviewed. In the second step, using a survey method, the views of experienced professionals and teachers have been used to test the validity of the designed model. The findings show that the courses of citizenship education include human and moral values, collective life skills training (order and responsibility), cultural reconstruction, political education, civic participation, emphasis on social justice and multicultural education. In educational methods as well as evaluation, emphasis has been placed on the formation of informal groups and the monitoring of group activities, learning in practice, and student-centered and participatory teaching methods. The study of the agreement coefficients for all educational curricula and teaching methods is higher than 0.6 which indicates the validity of the results.

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